![]() ![]() mediated transformation and the transformants were validated by Southern blot analysis (Īnd loss of its function did not show any evident defects in its vegetative growth, with the colony diameter of the Gene was disrupted at the native locus by Under carbon and nitrogen starvation conditions in utilizing glutathione as a nutrient source. Was expressed 3-fold and 8-fold under carbon and nitrogen starvation respectively when compared to a nutrient-rich complete medium ( Plays any role during starvation conditions inĪnd is expressed under these conditions, we studied the transcript level of Homolog and has the conserved glutamine amidotransferase type 2 domain spanning from 38-306 amino acids as predicted by Pfam database. (Mgg_11745) gene which is 1684 bp long with three introns and is predicted to express a 469-amino acid long protein. With the alternative pathway of glutathione degradation being specific to fungi (Kaur et al., 2012), andĮxperiencing starvation conditions during pathogenic development, this study improves our understanding of the role ofĪnd glutathione metabolism during the infection cycle of the cereal blast fungus. Glutathione is mobilized towards vacuoles under nitrogen starvation ensuring cellular maintenance in nutritional stress. Has evolved mechanisms to metabolize glutathione during sulphur and nitrogen starvation conditions, either by upregulating γ -glutamyl transpeptidase or employing Dug1-3 (having amino transpeptidase activity), enzymes that cleave glutathione, thereby releasing glycine, glutamate, and cysteine which enables the cell to utilize these amino acids as nitrogen and sulphur source (Ganguli et al., 2007, Kumar et al., 2003). The higher intracellular levels of glutathione (0.1-10 mM) are maintained by the unusual γ -glutamyl bond, making it resistant to peptidases in the cell (Hwang et al., 1992). Glutathione not only functions as a primary redox buffer neutralizing the oxidative stress response but also plays a role in the stabilization of yeast vacuolar function (Sharma et al., 2003). Additionally, the pathogen also encounters a defence response from the host which is established by a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death at the site of invasion (Apostol et al., 1989). During early invasive growth,ĭerives energy via vacuolar turnover of its organelles and macromolecules and therefore vacuolar dynamics and function are vital for its successful establishment within the host (Reza et al., 2021). Under nutrient deprivation conditions germinates and differentiates into appressorium, the infection structure, and penetrates the host tissue forming primary invasive hyphae. ![]() It is a major concern for agriculture-dependent economies and world food security. The causative agent of the cereal blast disease, has emerged as a model pathogen to study host-pathogen interactions and tops the list of plant pathogens due to its economic significance (Dean et al., 2012). ∆ strains grown on YEGA or in presence of borate buffer with L-serine (500 µ M and 2 mM), a γ -glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor and photographed after 7 dpi. Disease symptoms (lesions) were assessed at 4 dpi. (I) Detached leaf assay in a susceptible variety HR12 cultivar was carried out with spores (10 ∆ strains at 6 and 24 hpi on a hydrophobic surface. (H) Bar graph displaying appressorium frequency of wild-type and ∆ strains were assessed after 2 dpi grown on 0.8% agarose. (G) Microscopic examination of hyphal growth of wild-type and The black lines and yellow arrowheads mark the diameter and feeding hyphal growth respectively of the fungal colony. ∆ strains were 10-fold serially diluted and spotted on YEGA. (E) Bar graph displaying mean ± SEM conidiation frequency of wild-type and ∆ strains showing melanization (bottom view) and hyphal growth (top view) grown on OMA at 8 days post-inoculation (dpi). The expected fragment sizes when digested with BglII (wild-type, 5.8 kb ∆ genomic DNA was digested with BglII, EcoRI, KpnI, and NcoI and probed with the fragment as shown in (B). Gene with the deletion cassette in the genome of (C) Southern hybridization to validate the targeted replacement of the The restriction enzymes and the probe DNA region (green line) used in Southern hybridization are marked. Gene locus and the corresponding deletion cassette used to replace the Grown in complete medium (CM), minimal medium (MM), minimal medium without a sulphur (MM-S), carbon (MM-C) or nitrogen (MM-N) source. Gene are defective in melanization, conidiation, appressorium formation, and host infection ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |